From Provider to Enabler of Care: Reconfiguring Local Authority Support for Older People and Carers in Leeds, 2008 to 2013

This article explores developments in the support available to older people and carers (i.e., caregivers) in the city of Leeds, United Kingdom, and examines provision changes during a period characterized by unprecedented resource constraint and new developments in national-local governance. Using documentary evidence, official statistics and findings from recent studies led by the author, the effects of these changes on service planning and delivery and the approach taken by local actors to mitigate their impact are highlighted. The statistical data show a marked decline in some types of services for older people during a five year period during which the city council took steps to mobilize citizens and develop new services and system improvements. The analysis focuses on theories of social quality as a framework for analysis of the complex picture of change related to service provision. It concludes that although citizen involvement and consultations exerted a positive influence in delivering support to some older people and carers, research over a longer timescale is needed to show if these changes are adequate to protect older people and carers from the effects of ongoing budgetary constraints

Comprehensive on-line characterization of complex gas mixtures by quasi-simultaneous resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, Vacuum-UV single photon ionization and electron impact ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Comprehensive on-line characterization of complex gas mixtures by quasi-simultaneous resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, Vacuum-UV single photon ionization and electron impact ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer : setup and instrument characterization / T. Ferge ... - In: Analytical chemistry. 76. 2004. S. 6753-676

Comprehensive on-line characterization of complex gas mixtures by quasi-simultaneous resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, vacuum-UV single-photon ionization and electron impact ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer: Setup and instrument c

This paper reports on a newly developed mobile mass spectrometer for comprehensive on-line analysis of complex gas mixtures such as ambient air or industrial process gases. Three ionization methods, namely, the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), vacuum-ultraviolet single-photon ionization (SPI), and electron impact ionization (EI) are implemented in this instrument and can be operated (quasi-) simultaneously. By means of this setup, a wide range of compounds can be analyzed due to the unique ionization selectivitiy and sensitivity profiles provided by the different ionization techniques. The mass spectrometer is designed for field application even under severe conditions. The REMPI technique is suitable for the selective and soft ionization (without fragmentation) of aromatic compounds at trace level (ppbv/pptv). The also soft but less selective SPI technique with 118-nm vacuum-ultraviolet laser pulses is used as a second laser-based ionization method. Mass spectra obtained by this technique show profiles of most organic compounds (aliphatic and aromatic species) and of some low IP inorganic substances (e.g., ammonia, nitrogen oxide) down to ppbv concentrations. In addition to the laser-based ionization techniques, EI ionization can be used for analysis of the bulk components such as water, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide as well as for detection of inorganic minor components such as HCN or HCl from combustion flue gases at ppmv concentration levels. Each method yields specific mass spectrometric information of the sample composition. Special techniques have been developed to combine the three ionization methods in a single mass spectrometer and to allow the quasi-parallel application of all three ionization techniques